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Malachi 1:2

Just as I am

Filed Under: Devotions by Chuck
March 2, 2023

Zechariah makes it clear that God’s actions towards people are always motivated by His deep love for us. That great love is clearly expressed on Calvary. But, like Israel, we often doubt God’s love and question His good intentions towards us. This is the first thing that the prophet Malachi addresses. He says in Malachi 1:2, “I have loved you,” says the LORD. But you say, “How have you loved us?” A whole world of emotions is wrapped up in this question. It’s more of a bitter complaint against God than an actual question. At the time Malachi wrote, the people were complacent and steeped in ritual and routine in their worship of God. They were satisfied with a surface relationship with Him based on the performance of actions which then freed them to live their lives any way they wished. They thought they were doing very well, but God was not blessing them the way they expected. God owed them! He had not prospered them as He had promised. They remained a weak nation. Their work was hard. They were tilling the hard ground and scraping out a living from an unforgiving land. If God really loved them, things would be different! It’s often easy for us to feel like that too. We can easily become bitter over unmet expectations or hardships that confront us in life.

The writer of the book of Hebrews informs us that God’s grace is enough for us in all our circumstances of life, even the bad ones. Rejecting that grace brings bitterness that infects everyone around it. Hebrews 12:15 warns us, “See to it that no one fails to obtain the grace of God; that no ‘root of bitterness’ springs up and causes trouble, and by it many become defiled.” A web blogger wrote, “A bitter spirit can happen to any one of us if we aren’t careful. A bitter root can grow subtly in our hearts long before the fruit of it rises to the surface. Unresolved anger, an unforgiving attitude, resentment, jealousy, and continued disappointment are just a few of life’s struggles that cause us to plunge into bitterness.”[1] Prayer is a wonderful thing when it comes to resolving bitterness. It’s hard to hold on to grudges and animosity when addressing God from a sincere heart.

Charlotte Elliott was a bitter woman. Her health was broken and she became hardened to God. “If God loved me,” she muttered, “he would not have treated me this way.” A minister once told her that if she ever got tired of herself, of her sour, bitter and resentful spirit, to let him know. She later explained she could not come to Christ because of this ugliness in her. “How can I do that?” She asked. The minister encouraged her to bring all of it to God. Don’t try to hide it or deny it or suppress it. Just bring it, just as it is. She did and eventually experienced the peace of God. She wrote the poem which became the hymn “Just as I am.” He will accept us just as we are. Thankfully, He won’t leave us the way we are.

Just as I am, without one plea,

But that Thy blood was shed for me,

And that Thou bidd’st me come to Thee,

O Lamb of God, I come! I come!

[1] https://www.whatchristianswanttoknow.com/7-bible-verses-to-help-overcome-bitterness/

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Zechariah 1:3

Oh Sinner, Come home!

Filed Under: Devotions by Chuck
March 1, 2023

Zechariah reminded the Israelites that God was angry with their fathers because of their irredeemable rebellion which caused the destruction of Jerusalem and the temple. But God’s wrath is not for those who are being addressed by the prophet. God wants to bring to them all the blessings he had promised the house of David. In verse 3, God tells Zechariah, “Therefore say to them, thus declares the Lord of hosts: Return to me, says the Lord of hosts, and I will return to you, says the Lord of hosts.” “The Lord of Heaven’s Armies” is the most frequently repeated term in the post-exilic prophets for God. It’s sometimes translated as the “Lord of Hosts” as it is in the English Standard Version. It means all power & all control are in His command. The roll of the dice is His to determine. The success & failure of all our deeds are in His hands. He determines the rainfall, crops, weather, wealth, health, happiness, peace, joy, the nations, and everything else in the world. He is our creator and the one to whom we truly owe our allegiance. He made this the first commandment in the big 10. “I am the Lord your God, and you shall have no other gods before me.” When we break that commandment, God is rightfully jealous, and it is called sin.

No one likes the term “sin” anymore. It sounds too religious and too pompous to the world. We call it a “mistake.” At times it is just confusion or psychological flaws that we’ve received from our parents. We see our proclivity for one kind of sin or another as something that’s either genetic or imposed upon us by our society. But it is not our fault. The world needs to accept us as we are and not be judgmental. If I was born a male but want to be female, then you must make uni-sex bathrooms and make sports gender-neutral. You can’t impose any of your religious restrictions on me. Don’t you dare tell me that homosexuality is a sin? When the church surrenders to this position, all hope for such individuals is gone forever. We help perpetuate the secular standards in the society in which we live. But when we call it what God calls it: sin! There is hope! Sin is the best news there is, because, with sin, there’s a way out. You can’t repent of confusion or psychological flaws inflicted by your parents—you’re stuck with them. But you can repent of sin. Sin and repentance are the only grounds for hope and joy, the grounds for reconciled and joyful relationships with God and others. This is what John the Baptist and Jesus preached in the Gospels. The call was to “repent.” Turn back to God and he will turn back to you and restore the true joys of life.

Sexual sin is not the only sin, of course. We all have our proclivities, but God has sent Jesus to demonstrate his love for us and open the door of deliverance to all of us regardless of our own personal sins. I think we need to understand God’s call to us all through Christ is one of forgiveness and reconciliation it’s not one of judgment. We often feel that if we admit we’re sinners, we will face God’s judgment. The Gospel truth is that when we admit we’re sinners there is real hope for redemption. Alan Jackson sang the old song, “Softly and Tenderly” which captures God’s call. It goes:

“Softly and tenderly, Jesus is calling – Calling for you and for me
See on the portals He’s waiting and watching – Watching for you and for me

Come home, come home – Ye who are weary come home
Earnestly, tenderly Jesus is calling – Calling, ‘O sinner come home’”.

 

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Haggai 1:5-6

Stop and think!

Filed Under: Devotions by Chuck
February 28, 2023

After pointing out an irrefutable truth that they were investing in their own lives and ignoring their relationship with God, Haggai speaks for God and tells them in 1:5 to “Consider your ways.” He wants them to reflect on their lives. At least six times in this short book God says “consider your ways.” He wants them and us to think about how we are living. It’s one thing to ask about what you believe, but it’s another thing to ask if what you say you believe is acted upon in the way you live. He suggests that by looking at what you do, you can readily discern your major priorities. Haggai points to the fine houses they are living in and contrasts them with the broken-down temple, God’s house.  He’s saying “think about it. Doesn’t your actions indicate what you truly believe in?” Jesus once said, “where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.” I think Haggai is making a similar point.

I don’t think any warning could be more relevant for us today in a world that is running rampant with more things to do and activities to be involved in. We all live at such a hectic pace today and we often get so caught up with it that we have no time for God. When this happens, we truly lose out on what matters most in life. We spend all our energy climbing the ladder that we find is leaning against the wrong wall. We reach the top but what we thought we’d find is not there. I think that’s what Haggai is referring to in the following verse, Haggai 1:6, “You have sown much, and harvested little. You eat, but you never have enough; you drink, but you never have your fill. You clothe yourselves, but no one is warm. And he who earns wages does so to put them into a bag with holes.” I think the people had enough to eat. It just didn’t satisfy. They had plenty of crops, but it didn’t matter in the end because they were left without any real meaning, purpose, and satisfaction in life.

They would earn wages that would be stored in a bag with holes. The result of all the effort was more dissatisfaction and discontentment. It reminds me of Jesus’ words to the woman at the well in Samaria. “Whoever drinks this water, will thirst again.” The things of earth will never satisfy. Haggai points at something the people could not deny and asked them to think about it. “What is really important to you?” he asks. We don’t have time to stop all the business and reflect on our lives. We move from one thing to another without pause. I’m always trying to multitask. I think I can do two things at a time. I spend way too much time fretting over regrets. I shouldn’t have done that. I shouldn’t have said that. I have trouble enjoying the sunrise or the sunset because my mind is reeling over things to do. Haggai says, “Stop it!” We need to set aside all the business in our lives and consider our priorities and compare them to our behavior. What is really important to me? Boda says, “These are displayed vividly in our financial priorities but are also seen in our time management, goal setting, and family expectations. In a world filled with increasing activities and opportunities, individuals and families need to ask serious questions about their priorities in light of God’s kingdom. What values do we bring to modern life and society that reflect the priorities of God? Will we establish individual and family rhythms of rest that release us from the tyranny of the urgent? Will we clear space in our schedules to hear the voice of God and rejuvenate our souls?[1]

[1] Boda, Mark J. 2004. Haggai, Zechariah. The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.

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Haggai 1:2-4, Matthew 6:32-33, John 10:10

Right Priorities

Filed Under: Devotions by Chuck
February 27, 2023

One of the great things about the Old Testament prophets is that they know how to convict us of our sins. Haggai 1:2-4 says, “Thus says the Lord of hosts: ‘These people say the time has not yet come to rebuild the house of the Lord.’  Then the word of the Lord came by the hand of Haggai the prophet, ‘Is it a time for you yourselves to dwell in your paneled houses, while this house lies in ruins?’” The Prophets are both foretellers and forth tellers. The tell what the future will hold based upon the present failure of God’s people. This passage is the “forth-telling” part of Haggai’s role. He puts things in such a way that we can’t help but see the error of our ways. Haggai points out how “these” people have misplaced priorities. Boda says, “This is displayed poignantly in the contrast between concern for their own homes and concern for God’s house. The issue here is not the amount of resources available but rather the priorities of the people. They are concerned first with themselves and their own comfort and extravagance. This message is not saying that one cannot enjoy the blessings of a home, but after two decades of inactivity at the temple site while homes were being built and beautified, the prophet identifies deficiencies in the priorities of the community.”[1]

Of course, this is a great passage to preach when a church begins a building project. I’ve used it myself. Since Haggai is stressing the importance of the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem, this application fits well. But there is a broader issue at hand. What happens is we get caught up in the world with our daily affairs and lose sight of what matters most. We might not admit it, but the truth is we think our happiness and satisfaction in life can be found in the things of the world rather than in a close relationship with God.  Just like the Israelites who returned from Captivity in Babylon to reoccupy the land, we can easily become enamored with life itself and simply drift away from our relationship with God. We always come away empty when that happens. This is what Solomon meant when he writes 34 times in the book of Ecclesiastes that “all is vanity.” It’s like chasing the wind. Meaning, purpose, and happiness are never found in the things of the world. Like the prodigal son chasing his fantasies, we eventually come to the end of ourselves and realize we’ve lost what matters most in life.

But when we know God through a relationship with Jesus Christ, we receive abundant life in His kingdom and a heavenly treasure worth far more than all the world’s silver and gold. In Matthew 6:32-33, Jesus tells us, “Therefore do not be anxious, saying, ‘What shall we eat?’ or ‘What shall we drink?’ or ‘What shall we wear?’ For the Gentiles seek after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them all.  But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you.” What Jesus is saying to us is this: “Do you trust me to come through for you? Don’t you know that you’re significant and valuable to me? If you prioritize your life my way, I’m going to give the deepest things you long for in your heart because I love you.” In John 10:10, Jesus also tells us that he has come so that we might have real life to the fullest. Haggai pointed out some irrefutable truth in the lives of people that caused them pause. This makes me look at my own life.

[1] Boda, Mark J. 2004. Haggai, Zechariah. The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.

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Zephaniah 1:2-3, John 3:16-17, Hebrews 2:3

Forewarned is Forearmed!

Filed Under: Devotions by Chuck
February 26, 2023

Zephaniah brought a very unpopular message to the children of Judah. Judah was God’s chosen people and yet this warning was addressed to them. The message, however, was concerning the whole world. Zephaniah 1:2-3 says, “‘I will utterly sweep away everything from the face of the earth,’ declares the Lord. ‘I will sweep away man and beast; I will sweep away the birds of the heavens and the fish of the sea, and the rubble with the wicked. I will cut off mankind from the face of the earth,’ declares the Lord.” During the days of Noah, God wiped away all the living creatures except those in the ark with Noah. The fish, of course, survived the flood. But Zephaniah’s prophecy included the fish as well. His prophecy involved a more thorough house cleaning than what occurred in the days of Noah. It’s a shocking way to begin a prophecy. Don’t you agree? “I will sweep away everything.” Bruckner says, “The image ‘sweep away’ refers to the wind that ‘sweeps’ chaff away from grain during threshing. The verb is doubled in Hebrew for emphasis (‘utterly sweep away’), indicating that the coming wind is no ordinary wind that will separate the grain and chaff. Rather, it is a storm wind that will ‘sweep away everything,’ the chaff mixed together with the grain.”[1]

When God created the world according to Genesis chapter 1, mankind was the last thing he created. In Zephaniah’s prophecy, man is the first to go. The beasts go next. Birds are next, and fish are next. God reverses the order in which he created all life. Barker notices this and writes, “Zephaniah artfully reverses the order of creation, letting man the last made become the first destroyed. The two verses of the present section testify to the intention of God to undo creation. Everything would be swept away from the face of the earth. All living things are to be destroyed in this scouring of the world, so a picture of emptiness is projected. By this picture, Zephaniah is proclaiming man’s loss of dominion over all the earth, and more importantly, the reversal of creation.… Yahweh’s ‘sweeping’ will be just as bleak as his creating was abundant. Nogalski notes that ‘the allusions to the creation and flood accounts are specifically selected for their emotional impact.’”[2]

Such a devastating prophecy might cause us to question God’s love. The truth is, however, that such a devastating prophecy is evidence of God’s love. As in the days of Noah, to warn people of a coming disaster is to offer an opportunity to escape. It’s often said “forewarned is forearmed.” Hurricane Ida struck the southeastern gulf states between Florida and as far west as Alabama last year. When the weather channel exhorted people to flee inland many heeded the call and saved their lives. But according to Wikipedia 107 deaths were attributed to Hurricane Ida. Among the reasons many didn’t heed the warning, researchers found several answers to that question. Among them are they underestimated the crisis, or they simply waited too long. Bridger says, “I believe that those who give these warnings are people who have our best interests at heart. I am eager to hear what they have to say. I don’t want to be ignorant about any possible future disaster. I want to respond responsibly to these warnings. In the same way, God has my interests at heart when with great love and compassion he warns me about judgment to come. If we did not know about the wrath to come, we would not flee from it. It’s an essential part of our humanity that we are to live in the light of foreseen consequences. Zephaniah helps us to do so.”[3] God’s love is more than just a warning of coming danger though. It also includes deliverance. The most famous passage in John’s Gospel tells us, “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him” (John 3:16-17).  In Hebrews 2:3, The writer asks us all “How shall we escape if we neglect such a great salvation?”

[1] Bruckner, James. 2004. Jonah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah. The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.

[2] Barker, Kenneth L. 1999. Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah. Vol. 20. The New American Commentary. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

[3] Bridger, Gordon. 2010. The Message of Obadiah, Nahum and Zephaniah: The Kindness and Severity of God. Edited by Alec Motyer and Derek Tidball. The Bible Speaks Today. Nottingham, England: Inter-Varsity Press.

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Habakkuk 1:2, Matthew 10:29-31

Taking Our Vitamins

Filed Under: Devotions by Chuck
February 25, 2023

Habakkuk is full of questions for God. He asks them with much passion. Habakkuk 1:2 contains the first question, “O Lord, how long shall I cry for help, and you will not hear? Or cry to you ‘Violence!’ and you will not save?” The book of Job, possibly the oldest book in the bible, deals with the issue of bad things happening to good people and how to wrestle with that issue. It has always been a problem. In 2022 you cannot watch the news or read a newspaper without hearing about bad things, violence, happening to innocent people. We are frustrated with our justice system that has let us down. Every human being will wrestle with the problem of evil in the world. The problem is we usually do it after the fact. When we see violence and injustice in the world we will ask “Why did God allow such a thing to happen?” There will be no rational answer to that question in the middle of the suffering. No one can think straight during great pain. The time to reflect deeply on the existence of evil in the world is before it overtakes us. God’s truth works best as preventative medicine. It should be seen more as a proper diet, exercise, and vitamins, rather than radiation therapy or chemotherapy, or other drugs taken to cure the disease once acquired. The person who is well grounded in God’s truth is much more likely to be able to bear up under suffering than the one unprepared. The truth is suffering is going to come to each of us in one way or another, at one time or another. Many people in the world have had their Covid vaccinations. The are supposed to make the disease, if we get it, less serious. With the vaccine we can fight off the negative effects much better.

The Bible presents us with an all-powerful and all-loving God.  Therefore, we like to expect God to prevent all evil and stop all suffering. But He doesn’t. Our emotions then drive us to think that God has abandoned us. We must be charged with the truth of scripture. We must arm ourselves for such battles with the Sword of the Spirit which is God’s word. The Word tells us clearly that God loves us, and He has our best interest foremost in mind regardless of our circumstances. Isn’t this what saving faith is all about? But, in the midst of our suffering, that’s a hard pill to swallow.

All the Prophets make it clear that righteousness is not an issue of religious ritual. It’s an issue of relationship. We must trust God amidst it all. God wants us to trust Him totally with our future. He is in charge, and nothing has reached us, like what reached Job, without his permission. And like he brought about redemption with Job in the end, He will bring about our salvation as well. He has promised to deal with evil and we must trust Him to do so in His time. Here is a great vitamin for today. Matthew 10:29-31 says, “But not a single sparrow can fall to the ground without your Father knowing it. And the very hairs on your head are all numbered. So don’t be afraid; you are more valuable to God than a whole flock of sparrows.”

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Nahum 1:3, Various

God is Slow to Anger!

Filed Under: Devotions by Chuck
February 24, 2023

Nahum comforts God’s people by pronouncing serious judgment on His enemies. Nahum 1:3 says, “The Lord is slow to anger and great in power, and the Lord will by no means clear the guilty. His way is in whirlwind and storm, and the clouds are the dust of his feet.” God’s “slow to anger” nature is the subject of a lot of different passages in the Bible. I did a search on “slow to anger” and found that this exact phrase shows up 16 times. Fifteen times it’s in the Old Testament. The only time it shows up in the New Testament is in James 1:29 where we are exhorted, “Know this, my beloved brothers: let every person be quick to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger.” But the idea of God’s patience with sinners is not absent in the New Testament.  Peter tells us about this disposition of God toward sinful man in both of his letters. The idea is that God is patient, and slow to anger, with sinners. In 1 Peter 3:20 he says, “They formerly did not obey when God’s patience waited in the days of Noah.” In 2 Peter 3:15, as he closes his letter says (New Living Translation), “And remember, our Lord’s patience gives people time to be saved.”

Nahum wants us to know that there is another truth regarding God. He will not let the guilty go unpunished. I wish the district attorneys of many of the large cities in America would get this message. Nahum seems to be referring to Exodus 34:6-7 which tells us, “The Lord, the Lord, a God merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, keeping steadfast love for thousands, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, but who will by no means clear the guilty, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children and the children’s children, to the third and the fourth generation.” God was patient with the world of sinners at the time of Noah, but finally, because of his love for his chosen people, He destroyed the world. I think Noah’s use of the natural weather events of whirlwinds, storms, and clouds shows us that God is greater than any of the storm gods worshipped by Israel’s enemies. Just as God acted against all the Egyptian false gods in the ten plaques, so too will he act against the false gods of Israel’s enemies. God is the real warrior who rides on storm clouds into battle. The clouds are the dust of His feet as he roars into battle against his enemies.

The point of Nahum’s prophecy was to comfort those who are suffering at the hands of evil people. It also warned the persecutors that God will eventually bring judgment like He did in the days of Noah. To believers, this is comfort knowing that God will bring judgment on the wicked one day. To unbelievers, what are you waiting for? God’s patience, and His “slow to anger” nature will not last forever. He sent another ark into the world. It’s his one and only son, Jesus. The Psalmist prophesied this in Psalm 103:8-12. It says, “The Lord is merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abounding in steadfast love. He will not always chide, nor will he keep his anger forever.  He does not deal with us according to our sins, nor repay us according to our iniquities.  For as high as the heavens are above the earth, so great is his steadfast love toward those who fear him; as far as the east is from the west, so far does he remove our transgressions from us.” In Christ, we find this forgiveness along with eternal life. Christ is the “Ark of God” for you and me. Paul addresses this issue regarding his own conversion to Christ. In Philippians 3:8-11 he says, “Indeed, I count everything as loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord. For his sake I have suffered the loss of all things and count them as rubbish, in order that I may gain Christ and be found in him, not having a righteousness of my own that comes from the law, but that which comes through faith in Christ, the righteousness from God that depends on faith— that I may know him and the power of his resurrection, and may share his sufferings, becoming like him in his death, that by any means possible I may attain the resurrection from the dead.”

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Nahum 1:2, Proverbs 31:8-9, Isaiah 61:1-2

Defending the Defenseless!

Filed Under: Devotions by Chuck
February 23, 2023

We learn some important things about God in Nahum 1:2. It says, “The Lord is a jealous and avenging God; the Lord is avenging and wrathful; the Lord takes vengeance on his adversaries and keeps wrath for his enemies.” First of all, we see that God is a “jealous” God. Anderson reminds us that “God is totally different from us. He alone creates, sustains, and controls everything that exists. We must not project on to him human characteristics unless the Bible gives us the license to do so. So, when Nahum wrote that God is jealous and avenges himself, he was speaking of the perfect way that God acts, and he was not describing the rash behavior of humanity. In speaking of God as jealous, Nahum is not saying that God is: capricious—he does not have any unreasonable change of mind or character; malicious—he is not spiteful; vicious—he is not cruel. God alone is holy and pure, and works all things in accordance with his unchanging nature, as it is recorded in Genesis 18:25: ‘Will not the Judge of all the earth do right?’”[1] My old seminary advisor, Dr. Elliott Johnson, says that it might best be understood in this context as meaning God is “zealous to protect what belongs to Him.”[2]

God is zealous for the people He loves and will step in to defend them against evil. Not only Is He zealous, but He will also avenge. In this case, he is referring to the people of Judah. Nahum addressed Assyria with this warning. They had already brutally taken Israel, the northern kingdom, into captivity along with other nations around them. They now were threatening Judah also. God’s message to Judah was one of comfort. In essence, God says, “You belong to Me. You are my chosen people and anyone that steps out to do you harm will face my wrath.” Bruckner says, “His wrath is a circumstantial response to those who destroy what God loves.”[3]

It appears that God takes Assyria’s endless cruelty on a defenseless Judah as a personal attack on Himself. God has this strong love for those who are His and He promises to avenge the wrong done to them. Judah is helpless before the great army of Assyria. God will take up their cause for justice. Jesus takes up the cause of the helpless. He explained his purpose when he quoted from Isaiah 61:1-2. He said that God had anointed him to “bring good news to the poor; he has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those who are bound; to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor, and the day of vengeance of our God.” I love the way the Living Bible translates Proverbs 31:8-9, “You should defend those who cannot help themselves. Yes, speak up for the poor and helpless, and see that they get justice.” Barker says, “In every age and against every oppressor, the Lord is a jealous and avenging God. All those who oppose the Lord receive the brunt of his wrath.”[4] I really like what John Thune, Senator from South Dakota said last year before the reversal of the Roe/Wade decision. “It’s impossible to look at an unborn baby kicking her feet and sucking her thumb on an ultrasound and see her as anything but the human being she is.” When he spoke on the Senate floor on November 30, 2021, he “noted that Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, which the U.S. Supreme Court will hear this week, is the best opportunity to overturn Roe v. Wade, but regardless of the outcome, he will continue to be a tireless advocate for the unborn.”[5]

[1] Anderson, Clive. 2005. Opening up Nahum. Opening Up Commentary. Leominster: Day One Publications.

[2] Johnson, Elliott E. 1985. “Nahum.” In The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, edited by J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck, 1:1497. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books.

[3] Bruckner, James. 2004. Jonah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah. The NIV Application Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.

[4] Barker, Kenneth L. 1999. Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah. Vol. 20. The New American Commentary. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

[5] https://www.thune.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2021/11/thune-we-must-stand-up-for-the-human-rights-of-unborn-americans

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