The book of Jeremiah unfolds with remarkable clarity once we notice its four primary addressees. God is the source and speaker of the message. Jeremiah is the chosen messenger, addressed personally and commissioned to speak. Israel and Judah are the wayward people who receive the sharpest words. The surrounding pagan nations are also addressed, though chiefly as instruments in God’s hands. In this way, Jeremiah speaks across a wide spiritual spectrum: believers who listen like Jeremiah, drifting believers represented by Israel and Judah, and unbelievers embodied by Egypt, Babylon, and Assyria. There really is something here for everyone, which may explain why Jeremiah still feels uncomfortably current. In Jeremiah 2:1–2 we read, “The word of the LORD came to me, saying, ‘Go and proclaim in the hearing of Jerusalem, thus says the LORD…’” God is not addressing Jeremiah personally in this moment, nor is He speaking to the pagan nations. He addresses Jerusalem as a stand-in for His covenant people. As Timothy Willis notes, Jerusalem represents the whole nation, much like how modern conversations use Washington or Moscow to describe entire governments and peoples.

Jeremiah is also a master painter, though his gallery is not for the faint of heart. As Warren Wiersbe observes, Jeremiah chapter two presents ten vivid images exposing the people’s infidelity. The unfaithful wife, the broken cistern, the plundered slave, the stubborn animal, the degenerate vine, the defiled body, the animal in the desert, the disgraced thief, incorrigible children, and prisoners of war all parade before us. None of these are flattering, and that is precisely the point. They diagnose a people who have forgotten what faithfulness looks like while insisting they are doing just fine. It is easy to smile nervously at these pictures until we realize how often modern believers leak trust like cracked cisterns or wander like stubborn animals, all while insisting we know the way home.

The use of Jerusalem carries even deeper meaning. Jerusalem was the bridal chamber of the covenant, the place where God met His people at the Temple and where forgiveness and restoration were offered through sacrifice. It symbolized intimacy, promise, and belonging. The tragedy of Jeremiah chapter two is that this sacred space becomes the scene of betrayal. The marriage bed is defiled. This language prepares us for the New Testament, where covenant love is fully revealed in Jesus Christ. Paul writes, “Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her” (Ephesians 5:25). John declares, “The Word became flesh and dwelt among us” (John 1:14), using language that echoes God choosing a dwelling place among His people. Jesus enters Jerusalem knowing its history of infidelity and still offers Himself, lamenting, “How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings” (Matthew 23:37). Jeremiah shows us the depth of betrayal; Jesus shows us the greater depth of restoring love.