Chuck Larsen

According to the brief introduction, it was written by “King David on the occasion of his son, Absalom, leading a rebellion to take over the Kingdom.” Some commentators argue that this introduction doesn’t belong here and was added by some later scribe. But I think Williams is right. He says, “Setting this psalm in the context of David’s heartbreak over his son’s civil war lends historical color and concreteness to its interpretation. At the same time, the psalm could easily have been used before any battle by the king or those in command.  Moreover, it is now a psalm for Israel and the church, universalized beyond that fateful day with Absalom. As God’s people, we all have our enemies and battles to fight. So, while we accept the traditional ascription as probable and refer this psalm to David himself, this is our psalm too.”^[1]

In verse one, weary of all the opposition he has faced and is still facing in his life, David says, “O Lord, how many are my foes! Many are rising against me.” Absalom had raised an army against David. He had captured the hearts of many of the people in Jerusalem, and many supported his taking over the kingdom from his father. Women were no longer singing songs about the greatness of David, but they were looking at his younger replacement, Absalom. They chase David out of Jerusalem, and a man named Shimei throws dirt at David and calls him “a man of blood.” This might be a reference to his warlike nature or his murder of Uriah. Yes, indeed, there were many in opposition to David at this point in his life.

David was King.  Being King brings opposition and enemies. The more you have, the more people want to take it. But you don’t have to have very much to relate to David’s cry. Boice says, “I am sure that many people can identify with that. Perhaps you are one. You may not be facing an imminent military battle when you wake up most mornings, but you are facing a battle. The climate in the department of the company for which you work may be one of open warfare: Everyone is trying to defeat everyone else. The conditions are cutthroat. The weapons are rumors, lying, gossip, misrepresentation, even violence, bribes, or stealing. A friend told me how he had gone on a vacation, leaving his business in the hands of his partner. When he came back after only two weeks, the partner had managed to steal it away, leaving him with significant debts. How can any honest person survive in such a jungle? Again, you may not be facing thousands of enemies as David was. But how many enemies does it take to make life miserable and possibly lead even to the loss of your job? One will do, if he or she is determined enough. And you probably have more than that! In fact, the more prominent you are, the more enemies you will have and the more vulnerable you will be to them.”^[2]

We should not ignore the prophetic nature of this Psalm. It is pointing to the Messiah, the Son of David.  No one had more enemies than He did. The scribes and Pharisees opposed him at every turn in his ministry. The Sadducees plotted together in the Sanhedrin to have Rome execute Him. The soldiers spat on him and mocked him while they tortured him before hanging him on the cross. Even one of his closest friends, Judas, betrayed him to his enemies. And Peter, the closes of all, denied that he even knew him. People are “against” Jesus 61 times in the Gospels.

^[1] Williams, Donald, and Lloyd J. Ogilvie. 1986. Psalms 1–72. Vol. 13. The Preacher’s Commentary Series. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc.

^[2] Boice, James Montgomery. 2005. Psalms 1–41: An Expositional Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.

 Verse 12 ends the second Psalm with a plea for repentance. It begins, “Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish in the way, for his wrath is quickly kindled. It doesn’t sound as emotional as Spurgeon made it in his sermon when he would plea for sinners to repents. He said, “I beseech you, think of your destiny—death, and after death the judgment. The wind, and after the wind the whirlwind, and after the whirlwind the fire, and after the fire nothing—for ever, for ever, for ever lost, cast away, where ray of hope can never come; where eye of mercy can never look upon you, and hand of grace can never reach you. I beseech you, oh, I beseech you by the living God before whom you stand this day, tremble and repent. “Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way when his wrath is kindled but a little.”^[1]

Many modern preachers make similar pleas to unbelievers. Boice says, “What does this gentle, loving, and tender voice call on these rebellious human beings to do? A number of things: to ‘be wise,’ to ‘be warned,’ to ‘serve the Lord with fear,’ to ‘rejoice with trembling’ (vv. 10–11). But chiefly, they are to ‘kiss the Son’ in grateful, loving submission. That is what these rulers will not do, of course. It is why they are in danger of a final, fierce destruction. Make sure you are not among them. The rulers of the world rage against Christ. But why should you? The hands he holds forth for you to kiss are hands that were pierced by nails when he was crucified in your place. One day he is coming as the great judge of all. On that day the wicked will be punished, but today is the day of his grace. He invites you to come to him. The final verse says, “Blessed are all who take refuge in him.” It is a reminder that the only refuge from the wrath of God is God’s mercy unfolded at the cross of Jesus Christ.”^[2]

This final beatitude that ends Psalm 2 serves as a bookend to the opening beatitude of Psalm 1, which says, “Blessed is the one who never walks in the counsel of the wicked.” That’s to say, “blessed is the one who never sins. He never stands with sinners or sits with scoffers.” He’s perfect in his ways. For all humanity, that’s like saying, “blessed is the one who can leap tall buildings in a single bound. Blessed is the one who is faster than a speeding bullet. Blessed is the one who is more powerful than a locomotive.” That man is fictional! But the “one-man” of Psalm one refers to the Messiah who will come into the world according to the prophecies of the Old Testament and fulfill the law on our behalf. The first Adam broke the law, and we all share in that sin. The second Adam obeyed the law on our behalf, and that’s why the second psalm ends with the beatitude, “Blessed are all who take refuge in him.”

^[1] Spurgeon, C. H. 1859. “The Chaff Driven Away.” In The New Park Street Pulpit Sermons, 5:448. London: Passmore & Alabaster.

^[2] Boice, James Montgomery. 2005. Psalms 1–41: An Expositional Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books.

God laughs with derision at the kings of the earth who rebel against him. The King of Kings will establish his rule over the entire world through the coronation of his chosen one. Nothing and no one can stand against that, prevent it, delay it or corrupt it, although the entire focus of Satan is on doing just that. But he will lose, and Christ will reign forever. Therefore, the kings of the earth are warned and advised in Psalm 2:10-11. It says, “Now, therefore, O kings, be wise; be warned, O rulers of the earth. Serve the Lord with fear and rejoice with trembling.” Luther said there were two different ways people might “fear” the Lord. He calls them “servile fear” and “filial fear.” Two verses might help us understand the difference between these two ideas. First, Hebrews 10:31 says, “it’s a frightening thing to fall into the hands of the living God.” Sproul says, “The servile fear is a kind of fear that a prisoner in a torture chamber has for his tormentor, the jailer, or the executioner. Or it’s the kind of fear that a slave would have at the hands of a malicious master who would come with the whip and torment the slave.” The most important term is “malicious.” We fear someone who intends to do us harm. Because of our sinful nature, we often have this kind of fear of the Lord. We know we have violated the laws of God and deserve punishment, and we fear the one coming to punish us.

Galatians 4:6-7 is the other verse that helps us understand the distinction between servile fear and filial fear. It says, “And because you are sons, God has sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying, ‘Abba! Father!’ So you are no longer a slave, but a son, and if a son, then an heir through God.” Filial fear, according to Luther, as Sproul describes it, “Refers to the fear that a child has for his father. In this regard, Luther is thinking of a child who has tremendous respect and love for his father or mother and who dearly wants to please them. He has a fear or an anxiety of offending the one he loves, not because he’s afraid of torture or even of punishment, but rather because he’s afraid of displeasing the one who is, in that child’s world, the source of security and love.”

The New Testament tells us that John the Baptist and Jesus came preaching “repentance” for the forgiveness of sins. Repentance is not saying I’m sorry for this sin or for that sin, and it’s not penance as such, saying five Hail Marys and five Our Fathers, as some of us have learned. Repentance is genuinely acknowledging that we are the kind of people that should have servile fear of God. Sproul says, “As sinful people, we have every reason to fear God’s judgment; it is part of our motivation to be reconciled with God.”[1] So, the writer of this Psalm points out the need for repentance and submission to the rightful ruler of the universe. This is the way Calvin understood this Psalm. In his commentary, he says the writer of this Psalm, he says is David, “Having, as a preacher of the judgments of God, set forth the vengeance which God would take upon his enemies, proceeds now, in the character of a prophet and teacher, to exhort the unbelieving to repentance, that they may not, when it is too late, be compelled to acknowledge, from dire experience, that the divine threatenings are neither idle nor ineffectual.”^[2] True repentance does not lead to shame but rejoicing, as the Psalm says. Then, believing in Jesus as the adequate payment for our sins brings us into God’s family. We know and accept God’s expressed love for us on Calvary. As a loving father, “God demonstrates his love for us in this: while we were still sinners, Christ died for us.”

[1] https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/what-does-it-mean-fear-god

^[2] Calvin, John, and James Anderson. 2010. Commentary on the Book of Psalms. Vol. 1. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software.

The nations rage against God and His anointed king at the beginning of this Psalm. God laughs with derision at their rebellion. Opposition to God’s will cannot alter God’s plans nor hinder its fulfillment.  When God speaks, it will come to pass. The question put forth in Numbers 23:19 is relevant to all biblical assertions. It says, “God is not man, that he should lie, or a son of man, that he should change his mind. Has he said, and will he not do it? Or has he spoken, and will he not fulfill it?” Thus, in Psalm 2:8, God himself speaks to his anointed son and says, “Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession.” Before Jesus left his disciples after the resurrection, he commissioned his followers to go into “all the earth” and make disciples of all the Nations. He begins this commission by asserting that the Psalmist’s prophecy in Psalm 2:8 has been fulfilled. In Matthew 28:18, we read, “And Jesus came and said to them, ‘All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.’”

The next verse, Psalm 2:9, has not yet been fulfilled. It says, “You shall break them with a rod of iron and dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.” That has been reserved for His second coming. Since God cannot lie, and as sure as all authority has been given to the Messiah according to verse 8, so too will the ultimate reign of Jesus upon the earth come to pass. Nobody knows when, but there appear to be hints in some Old Testament prophets. According to Gingrich, “During the forty-five days following the Second Advent of Christ, Daniel 12:11–12, preparations will be made to establish the Millennial Kingdom. At the close of this period, God will set Christ upon the throne of this world: (1) in fulfillment of his decree, (2) in the realization of His ultimate purpose in bringing Christ into this world (at the time of His virgin birth), and (3) despite all the desperate efforts of His enemies to keep Him from doing so.”^[1] Jesus’ reign will not be a four-year term. It will be eternal, as John writes in Revelation 11:15. It says, “Then the seventh angel blew his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven, saying, “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ, and he shall reign forever and ever.”

There is more to life than the short years we live on this earth. A believer’s life in the kingdom to come has been the subject of the Bible since Genesis 3:15. We, too, will share in the glory of God throughout all eternity. How do I know? Because God cannot lie. Some commentators will argue that life after death is not mentioned in the Old Testament, but that’s incorrect. Life after death, eternal life, has been the destiny of all believers who will once again have access to the tree of life. When Paul writes to Titus, he affirms this truth as well when he begins his letter by reminding Titus that the Gospel of Jesus, which is the “knowledge of the truth,” contains for all believers the “…hope of eternal life, which God, who never lies, promised before the ages began.” The glorious hope of all believers in Jesus!

^[1] Gingrich, Roy E. 2005. The Book of Psalms (Book One). Memphis, TN: Riverside Printing.

The Lord’s anointed in Verse 2 of Psalm 1 and the King established on Mount Zion in verse 6 are the same. Now in verse 7, the chosen one to rule the world speaks and says, “I will tell of the decree: The Lord said to me, ‘You are my Son; today I have begotten you.’” He often referred to himself as the “son of man.” He was the son of man in that Mary was his mother. It seems that all history acknowledges the humanity of Jesus. Dr. Robert Price is an exception. He argues that Jesus is a fictional character with no basis in reality. It’s interesting that Price, an atheist, and mythicist, finds it far easier to believe in aliens than in the actual existence of a person named Jesus from the first century. He is outside the realm of the belief of legitimate historians. Josh McDowell’s website says, “Historian Bart Ehrman, who also rejects Jesus as God, still counters that Price and other scholars skeptical of Jesus the historical person are simply choosing to disregard clear evidence.” Yet, the historicity of the person of Jesus is only half of the story. Over two hundred times in the New Testament is the phrase “Son of God” used to refer to Jesus.

It is not the recognition of Jesus as the son of man; that’s the real issue. The question is whether he’s the Son of God mentioned in the Old Testament who will come and reign on earth according to Psalm 2. Jesus once asked his disciples who they thought he was, and in Matthew 16:16, “Simon Peter replied, ‘You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.’” Psalm 2 will end with a beatitude, “Blessed are all who take refuge in Him.” Jesus pronounces that blessing on Peter in Matthew 16:17-18, “Jesus answered him, ‘Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven. And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.” The “rock” here is not the human named Peter, but his profession of faith in Christ as the son of God. Those in every generation that acknowledge Jesus as the Son of Man and the Son of God will become stones in the church of Christ.

Whereas the title “Son of Man” informs Jesus’ humanity, the title “Son of God” informs his deity. The humanity of Christ is a historical fact and well established. What establishes his deity? It is seen in his teachings in his life as well as the many miracles he performed, but it finds its conclusive evidence in the resurrection.  In his sermon in Acts 13:32-33, Paul says, “And we bring you the good news that what God promised to the fathers, this he has fulfilled to us their children by raising Jesus, as also it is written in the second Psalm, ‘You are my Son, today I have begotten you.’” Paul also informs the Romans that Jesus is the fulfillment of Psalm 2:7. Romans1:3-4 says, speaking of Jesus, “who was descended from David according to the flesh and was declared to be the Son of God in power according to the Spirit of holiness by his resurrection from the dead, Jesus Christ our Lord.” Believing that there was a human, historical person named Jesus means no more to God than believing that George Washington existed. Paul tells us what matters in Romans 10:9. He says, “If you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved.”

Vladimir Putin is attacking Ukraine as I write this. He’s determined to take the land and people of that Nation as his own. Putin is just another one following along the lines of Assyria, Babylon, Egypt, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Mohammed, Etc., etc. including Napoleon, Hitler, and others who set their hearts on advancing their domination. In Psalm 2, when the Psalmist speaks of the nation’s “raging,” it appears that this is what he’s talking about. There is this scramble for power and wealth. History is organized around these people and their efforts and wars. God laughs at them according to verse 4 of Psalm 2. Then, in verses 5 and 6, he adds, “Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying, ‘As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.’”

When I think of God’s wrath and fury, I think of the natural consequences of ignoring the simple laws of physics. Man cannot fly! God did not make him with wings as he did the birds. When man attempts to fly by jumping off of a cliff, he faces God’s wrath and fury and has to suffer the consequences. In Greek mythology, there is the story in which Icarus fell to his death after flying too close to the sun, which melted the wax holding his feather wings together. One cannot violate God’s laws and come away unscathed. But, as we’ve learned since Wilbur and Orville Wright, if we submit ourselves to God’s established laws and accommodate our lives that acknowledge them and cooperate with them, we can even send a man to the moon. The point is that we must learn to submit ourselves to God’s laws in life. He laughs when we ignore them to our peril. One of the most important laws of God is the reign of His Chosen King.

When earthly kings rage against God to usurp His position, God is not threatened by them. He laughs at them, and they must face his judgment. The law of God includes the enthronement of His son on the holy hill of Zion, who will rule the world with truth and grace. Alexander Maclaren says, “All the self-will in the world does not alter the fact that the authority of Christ is sovereign over human wills. We cannot get away from it, but we can either lovingly embrace it, and then it is our life, or we can set ourselves against it, like an obstinate ox planting its feet and standing stock-still, and then the goad is driven deep and draws blood.”^[1]

^[1] Maclaren, Alexander. 1903. “The Psalms.” In The Expositor’s Bible: Psalms to Isaiah, edited by W. Robertson Nicoll, 3:12. Expositor’s Bible. Hartford, CT: S.S. Scranton Co.

There are many different kinds of laughs in human experience. One website says, “Though there are many ways to laugh, from giggles to guffaws and from chuckles to cackles, it turns out that we humans laugh for many reasons, some of them odd. And it’s more than just the latest David Sedaris book or episode of ‘Saturday Night Live’ that has us doubled over — 90 percent of our laughter has nothing to do with somebody telling a joke.”[1] This website goes on to explain 10 different kinds of laughter. There is 1) Etiquette laughter, 2) Contagious laughter, 3) Nervous laughter, 4) Belly laughter, 5) Silent laughter, 6) Stress-relieving laughter, 7) Pigeon laughter, 8) Snorting laughter, 9 Canned laughter and 10) Cruel laughter. But they missed one. It’s God’s laughter as recorded in Psalm 2:4. It says, “He who sits in the heavens laughs; the Lord holds them in derision.”

I would call it “derision laughter.” Eveson says, “The dramatic imagery is meant to convey the utter stupidity of human scheming against God. This is why such plotting is useless. We might be impressed or intimidated by the hostile intentions and forceful efforts of those opposed to God and his people, but from God’s vantage point it is ludicrous. How absurd, how irrational, how futile the attempts made by puny humans to rebel against God! They are like a race of pygmies where the ruling giant is in a position to put an end to them all with one stamp of his foot.”^[2] God did not laugh at the Cross. He wept at the experience Jesus had to go through for the sake of all mankind. The sky turned black at midday as his only son, whom he loved, cried out in agony “My God, My God, why have you forsaken me.” That was not funny at all. What was funny is the arrogance of Satan who thought he had victory over the Christ. What was funny is the human arrogance that asserted itself above God and every good thing on the earth. The Father knew that the suffering of His Son, as painful and sorrowful as it was, would only last for a few days. Like many preachers have said, “It was Friday night, but Sunday was coming.”

The Lord is “enthroned.” It’s interesting that when God is said to sit, the Hebrew text translates it as “enthroned.” When Jesus sat down at the right hand of the Father, he was “enthroned” in heaven. From the position of sovereign rule, God watches the affairs of man on earth and is not in the least perturbed by the turmoil among the nations. Van Gemeren identifies God’s laughter for us. He says, rather than being worried or perturbed, “A scornful laugh comes from his throne.” The movement of the Psalm is from earth to heaven. He continues, “In this section the scene shifts from earth to heaven, where we catch a glimpse of God laughing at and mocking the feeble attempts of the rulers. The OT commonly uses anthropopathic language to describe God in terms of human emotions. Above the turbulence of the nations, God sits and reacts to their rebellion against him with laughter. His laughter is an expression of ridicule, for he knows their end. The confidence of God’s people rests in God himself, who is unmoved by the political machinations on earth. As earthly creatures we can hardly avoid becoming involved; yet our hope is in the God who laughs and scoffs at our enemies.” So, no matter how much chaos and confusion and rage we see on earth always remember that the one “enthroned in heaven” is our Lord, who is for us. It might be Friday night in our lives in some ways, but God knows that Sunday is coming. So, do we. The stone will be rolled away and the “Master of the Universe” will show himself.^[3]

[1] https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/5-types-of-laughter.htm

^[2] Eveson, Philip. 2014–2015. The Book of Psalms: From Suffering to Glory. Vol. 1. Welwyn Commentary Series. Welwyn Garden City, UK: EP.

^[3] VanGemeren, Willem A. 1991. “Psalms.” In The Expositor’s Bible Commentary: Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs, edited by Frank E. Gaebelein, 5:68. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House.